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Vue.js - Environment Variable

Created by : Mr Dk.

2020 / 06 / 16 13:45

Nanjing, Jiangsu, China


Why We Need Environment Variable?

在开发应用时,一些 APP key 或 token 不能硬编码在源代码中 push 到仓库里。相应的解决方式是将这些 key 保存到环境变量中,在程序构建/运行时,环境变量中的值才会替代代码中的引用。这样只需要在本地存储 key,不需要将 key push 到仓库内。

Vue.js Environment Variable

在 Vue CLI 创建的 Vue.js 工程的 根目录 下,可以有好几种环境变量文件。其中,带 .local 后缀的文件会被 .gitignore 忽略而不被传入仓库。另外,环境变量支持三种 模式:

  • development - 开发环境模式,对应于 serve 命令
  • production - 生产环境模式,对应于 build 命令
  • test - 测试环境模式,对应于 test 命令

由此,在工程根目录下可以有以下几类环境变量文件:

.env                # 在所有的环境中被载入
.env.local          # 在所有的环境中被载入,但会被 git 忽略
.env.[mode]         # 只在指定的模式中被载入
.env.[mode].local   # 只在指定的模式中被载入,但会被 git 忽略

其中,带有 mode 的环境变量文件比一般的环境变量文件 (比如 .env) 有更高的优先级。

VUE_APP_SECRET=HHHHHHHH

只有以 VUE_APP_ 开头的环境变量才会被嵌入到客户端中! 在代码中可以通过如下方式访问:

console.log(process.env.VUE_APP_SECRET);

另外,还有两个特殊的环境变量:

  • NODE_ENV - 应用运行的模式,也就是 development / production / test 中的一个
  • BASE_URL - 与 vue.config.js 中的 publicPath 相符,也就是应用会部署到的基础路径

Public Path

一个关于 vue.config.js 配置的小细节。如果打算将项目部署到 https://<USERNAME>.github.io/,那么 publicPath 需要被设置为默认的 /。如果部署到 https://github.com/<USERNAME>/<REPO>,那么 publicPath 就需要被设置为 /<REPO>/。因此,vue.config.js 中可以这样写:

module.exports = {
  publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production" ? "/my-project/" : "/",
};

这里就使用了上面提到的 NODE_ENV 环境变量来判断应用运行的模式是否为生产环境。

另外,如果仓库还集成了 Travis CI,那么还可以将环境变量添加到 Travis CI 的 setting 中。这样在 Travis CI 自动构建时,会将程序中的引用值替换为环境变量中的值。

好吧我其实就是想在环境变量中放一个 GitHub Pernonal Access Token (PAT),这样我的网页可以直接调用 GitHub API。但是无论是硬编码,还是环境变量,在构建完成后,token 的完整字符串都会出现在仓库中而被 GitHub 识别,GitHub 会自动删除这个 token。

如果想要避免这个问题,还得搞点小操作。


References

How to Use Environment Variables in Vue.js

Vue CLI - 环境变量和模式

Vue CLI - 部署

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