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Linux - Image

Created by : Mr Dk.

2019 / 07 / 22 15:53

Nanjing, Jiangsu, China


About

IMG 指的是以 .img 文件扩展名结尾的二进制 文件,其中存储的内容是软盘、硬盘、光盘等存储介质上的原始二进制数据。


Overview

Raw image 包含了原始存储介质上每个扇区的原始数据。由于存储介质扇区上的数据组织格式和文件系统有关,因此,.img 文件的内部格式,与创建该映像的文件系统相同。此外,对于光盘介质的映像,应当包括光盘上所有的 tracks: (轨道?)

  • Audio tracks
  • Data tracks
  • Video tracks

不仅包括每个扇区的数据,还包括每个扇区的控制头部和错误校验区域。由于映像文件除了磁盘上的数据外没有任何的附加信息,因此只能被能够自动识别文件系统的程序处理。

Linux 的发行版上已经内置了对一些文件系统映像的支持;Windows 7 以前是不支持的,需要用专门的映像解析软件 - 比如当年的 Daemon Tools。Windows 10 里面应当已经内置了映像解析了,所以安装 Office 时,下载了 .iso 映像文件后可以直接打开文件系统访问。


Partition

disk-partition

磁盘被分为了很多扇区:

  • 其中,最开始的扇区为 MBR,用于引导系统启动
  • MBR 能够找到 boot partition,即启动分区,从而启动操作系统
  • 每个分区包含:
    • Boot sector - 即启动扇区
    • 之后的扇区随文件系统而异

linux-partition

一个典型的 Linux 系统的分区:(maybe ext4 FS?)

  • 最开始的部分是 OS 引导块 - boot block,通常位于第一扇区中
  • 之后的部分 - super block
    • 其中的 magic 指明文件系统的类型
    • 记录了所有的全局元数据
      • inode、数据块的数量
      • 数据块的 bitmap 起始地址和长度
      • 数据块的起始地址和长度
      • inode bitmap 的起始地址和长度
      • inode 数组的起始地址和长度
      • ......
    • Super block 的大小和位置是固定的,通常位于第二扇区中
  • 再之后就是实际的 bitmap 和各个块的数组
    • 数组用于存放实际数据
    • bitmap 用于指示块是否被使用

partition-structure

不同文件系统对分区中数据的组织方式不同,而映像文件只是分区中原始数据的拷贝。因此存储格式与创建映像时的文件系统相同。


References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMG_(file_format)

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/36612326

https://www.cnblogs.com/liwei0526vip/p/4998614.html


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