sort
Created by : Mr Dk.
2022 / 11 / 21 23:27
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Background
sort 用于对文件中的行进行排序。默认的排序方式是按照 ASCII 码大小排序，可以指定选项进行数值排序。
Usage
$ sort --help
Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: sort [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Ordering options:
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-g, --general-numeric-sort compare according to general numerical value
-i, --ignore-nonprinting consider only printable characters
-M, --month-sort compare (unknown) < 'JAN' < ... < 'DEC'
-h, --human-numeric-sort compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)
-n, --numeric-sort compare according to string numerical value
-R, --random-sort shuffle, but group identical keys. See shuf(1)
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-r, --reverse reverse the result of comparisons
--sort=WORD sort according to WORD:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort natural sort of (version) numbers within text
Other options:
--batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once;
for more use temp files
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first check for sorted input; do not sort
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent like -c, but do not report first bad line
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries with PROG;
decompress them with PROG -d
--debug annotate the part of the line used to sort,
and warn about questionable usage to stderr
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-k, --key=KEYDEF sort via a key; KEYDEF gives location and type
-m, --merge merge already sorted files; do not sort
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or /tmp;
multiple options specify multiple directories
--parallel=N change the number of sorts run concurrently to N
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-z, --zero-terminated line delimiter is NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
KEYDEF is F[.C][OPTS][,F[.C][OPTS]] for start and stop position, where F is a
field number and C a character position in the field; both are origin 1, and
the stop position defaults to the line's end. If neither -t nor -b is in
effect, characters in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding
whitespace. OPTS is one or more single-letter ordering options [bdfgiMhnRrV],
which override global ordering options for that key. If no key is given, use
the entire line as the key. Use --debug to diagnose incorrect key usage.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/sort>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) sort invocation'
使用一个测试文件 example.txt：
$ cat example.txt
233
543
138
3556
降序排序
使用 -r 选项：
$ sort -r example.txt
543
3556
233
138
按数值排序
使用 -n 选项：
$ sort -n example.txt
138
233
543
3556
按特定列排序
使用 -k 2 对第二列进行排序。
检查是否有序
使用 -c 参数：
$ sort -c example.txt
sort: example.txt:3: disorder: 138
去重
使用 -u 参数移除排序后重复的元素。
归并
使用 -m 参数合并多个已经有序的文件。
性能
排序时影响性能的两个重大因素：内存大小、并行度。
- 使用
-S 10G/-S 50%可以指定用于排序的内存大小或物理内存百分比 - 使用
--parallel=8可以指定排序并行度