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Solidity - Layout and Structure

Created by : Mr Dk.

2020 / 02 / 25 20:49

Ningbo, Zhejiang, China


Pragmas

编译标记只针对当前源代码文件有效。

Version Pragma

用于使旧的编译器拒绝编译一些新的特性。常用方法:

pragma solidity ^0.5.2;

Experimental Pragma

用于开启一些编译器或语言中默认没有启动的特性。

  • ABIEncoderV2
  • SMTChecker

Importing other Source Files

Syntax and Semantics

引入其它源文件,从而获得更好的模块化。

全局模式:

import "filename";

但是这种模式可能带来的问题就是,在 filename 中引入的变量会被自动引入到所有引用它的文件中,可能会带来命名冲突的隐患。可以通过给创建新的全局命名符号来表示 filename 中的变量:

import * as symbolName from "filename";
// or
import "filename" as symbolName;
// symbolName.synbol

如果命名符号存在冲突,或者只想引入某几个变量,可以这样:

import {symbol1 as alias, symbol2} from "filename";

Path

除了 . 和 .. 开头的路径以外,所有的路径都会被视为绝对路径。但一般是由编译器决定如何解析路径。


Comments

// 单行注释

/*
多行注释
*/

另外还支持一种注释,只能标注在 contract 或方法名上,我一看这不就是 Javadoc 嘛......功能也类似,用于标注文档:

/** @title Calculator */

/// @dev ...
/// @param w ...
/// @return res ...

Structure

Contract 与 OOP 语言的 类 类似。另外,一个 contract 可以继承自其它 contract。此外,还有特殊种类的 contract - libraries 和 interfaces。

State Variables

状态变量的值将会永远被存放在 contract 存储中。

pragma solidity >=0.4.0 <0.7.0;

contract SimpleStorage {
    uint storedData; // State variable
    // ...
}

Functions

Contract 内可被执行的单元。

pragma solidity >=0.4.0 <0.7.0;

contract SimpleAuction {
    function bid() public payable { // Function
        // ...
    }
}

Function Modifiers

以一种声明式的方式修改函数的语义。

pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.7.0;

contract Purchase {
    address public seller;

    modifier onlySeller() { // Modifier
        require(
            msg.sender == seller,
            "Only seller can call this."
        );
        _;
    }

    function abort() public view onlySeller { // Modifier usage
        // ...
    }
}

Events

是 EVM 用于进行日志记录的工具。

pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.7.0;

contract SimpleAuction {
    event HighestBidIncreased(address bidder, uint amount); // Event

    function bid() public payable {
        // ...
        emit HighestBidIncreased(msg.sender, msg.value); // Triggering event
    }
}

Struct Types

结构体用于定义一些变量构成的组。

pragma solidity >=0.4.0 <0.7.0;

contract Ballot {
    struct Voter { // Struct
        uint weight;
        bool voted;
        address delegate;
        uint vote;
    }
}

Enum Types

pragma solidity >=0.4.0 <0.7.0;

contract Purchase {
    enum State { Created, Locked, Inactive } // Enum
}

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