du
Created by : Mr Dk.
2023 / 01 / 01 23:11
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Background
du 用于查看文件的空间使用量。
Usage
$ du --help
Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-0, --null end each output line with NUL, not newline
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
see SIZE format below
-b, --bytes equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-d, --max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the
NUL-terminated file names specified in file F;
if F is -, then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--inodes list inode usage information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-S, --separate-dirs for directories do not include size of subdirectories
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-t, --threshold=SIZE exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive,
or entries greater than SIZE if negative
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using STYLE, which can be:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT;
FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'
打印当前目录下所有子目录的空间占用
$ du
4 ./certbot/2582
4 ./certbot/2618
4 ./certbot/common
16 ./certbot
20 .
如果也需要打印文件的大小占用，则使用 -a 参数：
$ du -a
4 ./certbot/2582
4 ./certbot/2618
4 ./certbot/common
0 ./certbot/current
16 ./certbot
20 .
以人类可读的格式打印
使用 -h 参数：
$ du -h
4.0K ./certbot/2582
4.0K ./certbot/2618
4.0K ./certbot/common
16K ./certbot
20K .
打印文件的最后修改时间
使用 --time 参数：
$ du -h --time
4.0K 2022-03-03 10:15 ./certbot/2582
4.0K 2022-03-03 10:15 ./certbot/2618
4.0K 2022-03-03 10:15 ./certbot/common
16K 2022-12-17 08:07 ./certbot
20K 2022-12-17 08:07 .
递归深度控制
当什么参数都不加时，默认递归到最深层。
使用 -d 参数可以指定递归的最深层层数：
$ du -h -d 1
16K ./certbot
20K .
使用 -s 参数可以只递归到当前层，等价于 -d 0：
$ du -h -s
20K .