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MySQL - Server Configuration

Created by : Mr Dk.

2020 / 10 / 28 22:17

Nanjing, Jiangsu, China


在远程机器上新装了 Linux server 并安装了 MySQL,在开发机器上使用 MySQL Workbench 来进行数据库的管理,所以要在 workbench 中配置数据库的信息。Linux server 上新安装的 MySQL 需要进行一定的配置后才能够被 MySQL Workbench 连接。

Binding

首先,MySQL 默认 bind 了 127.0.0.1 作为监听地址,也就是说只有本机上的应用才能够通过 localhost 访问 MySQL。到 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d 中 (MySQL 5.7) 设置 mysqld.cnf 文件:

#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address            = 127.0.0.1

设置为:

#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address            = 0.0.0.0

这样,MySQL server 将监听设备地址而不是本地 loop back,从而能够被远程机器连接。

User

MySQL 默认已经有了一个名为 root 的用户。对于一个应用来说,我们可以为这个应用创建一个用户并授予权限。另外,MySQL 中还对每个用户连接的源 IP 地址作出了限制,保证只有特定的 IP 地址能够通过该用户连接到 MySQL。

创建用户的方式如下。登录 MySQL 的命令行,输入:

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

其中,username 表示用户名;host 表示可以通过该用户名连接到 MySQL 的域名,如果允许这个用户通过所有的 IP 地址访问 MySQL server,那么可以使用 '%';password 用于表示该用户对应的密码。

可以在 mysql 数据库的 user 表中查看所有的用户和对应的 host:

mysql> select user,host from user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user             | host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| ccdetect         | %         |
| root             | %         |
| debian-sys-maint | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

之后,新创建的用户需要被赋予访问特定的数据库 / 表的权限:

GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON database.table TO 'username'@'host';

当然,也可以直接赋予该用户对 所有 数据库表的 所有 权限:

GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'username'@'host';

之后,就可以使用用户名 + 密码通过 MySQL Workbench 进行登录了。


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