Abstract Class - java.nio.Buffer
Created by : Mr Dk.
2021 / 02 / 04 10:52
Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
Definition
定义了 NIO 中的关键组件 - 用于缓存数据的 buffer。Buffer 实际上在底层维护了一段数组内存，使用几个关键的指针维护这段内存的使用：
capacity- 内存容量limit- 第一个不应当被读取或写入的位置下标 (≤ capacity)- 对于读取来说，大致指向最后一个可读的位置
- 对于写入来说，大致指向最后一个可写的位置
position- 下一个被读取或被写入的位置下标，一开始为0
也就是说，对于读取场景：
|dddddddddd |
p l c
对于写入场景：
|dddddddddd |
p lc
此外，还支持 mark / reset。综上，这些维护数据的变量满足以下条件：
0 ≤ mark ≤ position ≤ limit ≤ capacity
基本操作：
clear- 重设内部指针，使 buffer 恢复初始可写状态flip- 重设内部指针，使 buffer 进入可读状态rewind- 重设position至 0，重新读取 buffer 中的数据
一些 buffer 可以是只读的，指针可变，但数组中的数据不可变，否则将抛出 ReadOnlyBufferException 异常。
对象不保证线程安全。另外，大部分函数都返回对象本身，以便支持链式调用。
/**
* A container for data of a specific primitive type.
*
* <p> A buffer is a linear, finite sequence of elements of a specific
* primitive type. Aside from its content, the essential properties of a
* buffer are its capacity, limit, and position: </p>
*
* <blockquote>
*
* <p> A buffer's <i>capacity</i> is the number of elements it contains. The
* capacity of a buffer is never negative and never changes. </p>
*
* <p> A buffer's <i>limit</i> is the index of the first element that should
* not be read or written. A buffer's limit is never negative and is never
* greater than its capacity. </p>
*
* <p> A buffer's <i>position</i> is the index of the next element to be
* read or written. A buffer's position is never negative and is never
* greater than its limit. </p>
*
* </blockquote>
*
* <p> There is one subclass of this class for each non-boolean primitive type.
*
*
* <h2> Transferring data </h2>
*
* <p> Each subclass of this class defines two categories of <i>get</i> and
* <i>put</i> operations: </p>
*
* <blockquote>
*
* <p> <i>Relative</i> operations read or write one or more elements starting
* at the current position and then increment the position by the number of
* elements transferred. If the requested transfer exceeds the limit then a
* relative <i>get</i> operation throws a {@link BufferUnderflowException}
* and a relative <i>put</i> operation throws a {@link
* BufferOverflowException}; in either case, no data is transferred. </p>
*
* <p> <i>Absolute</i> operations take an explicit element index and do not
* affect the position. Absolute <i>get</i> and <i>put</i> operations throw
* an {@link IndexOutOfBoundsException} if the index argument exceeds the
* limit. </p>
*
* </blockquote>
*
* <p> Data may also, of course, be transferred in to or out of a buffer by the
* I/O operations of an appropriate channel, which are always relative to the
* current position.
*
*
* <h2> Marking and resetting </h2>
*
* <p> A buffer's <i>mark</i> is the index to which its position will be reset
* when the {@link #reset reset} method is invoked. The mark is not always
* defined, but when it is defined it is never negative and is never greater
* than the position. If the mark is defined then it is discarded when the
* position or the limit is adjusted to a value smaller than the mark. If the
* mark is not defined then invoking the {@link #reset reset} method causes an
* {@link InvalidMarkException} to be thrown.
*
*
* <h2> Invariants </h2>
*
* <p> The following invariant holds for the mark, position, limit, and
* capacity values:
*
* <blockquote>
* <tt>0</tt> <tt><=</tt>
* <i>mark</i> <tt><=</tt>
* <i>position</i> <tt><=</tt>
* <i>limit</i> <tt><=</tt>
* <i>capacity</i>
* </blockquote>
*
* <p> A newly-created buffer always has a position of zero and a mark that is
* undefined. The initial limit may be zero, or it may be some other value
* that depends upon the type of the buffer and the manner in which it is
* constructed. Each element of a newly-allocated buffer is initialized
* to zero.
*
*
* <h2> Clearing, flipping, and rewinding </h2>
*
* <p> In addition to methods for accessing the position, limit, and capacity
* values and for marking and resetting, this class also defines the following
* operations upon buffers:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li><p> {@link #clear} makes a buffer ready for a new sequence of
* channel-read or relative <i>put</i> operations: It sets the limit to the
* capacity and the position to zero. </p></li>
*
* <li><p> {@link #flip} makes a buffer ready for a new sequence of
* channel-write or relative <i>get</i> operations: It sets the limit to the
* current position and then sets the position to zero. </p></li>
*
* <li><p> {@link #rewind} makes a buffer ready for re-reading the data that
* it already contains: It leaves the limit unchanged and sets the position
* to zero. </p></li>
*
* </ul>
*
*
* <h2> Read-only buffers </h2>
*
* <p> Every buffer is readable, but not every buffer is writable. The
* mutation methods of each buffer class are specified as <i>optional
* operations</i> that will throw a {@link ReadOnlyBufferException} when
* invoked upon a read-only buffer. A read-only buffer does not allow its
* content to be changed, but its mark, position, and limit values are mutable.
* Whether or not a buffer is read-only may be determined by invoking its
* {@link #isReadOnly isReadOnly} method.
*
*
* <h2> Thread safety </h2>
*
* <p> Buffers are not safe for use by multiple concurrent threads. If a
* buffer is to be used by more than one thread then access to the buffer
* should be controlled by appropriate synchronization.
*
*
* <h2> Invocation chaining </h2>
*
* <p> Methods in this class that do not otherwise have a value to return are
* specified to return the buffer upon which they are invoked. This allows
* method invocations to be chained; for example, the sequence of statements
*
* <blockquote><pre>
* b.flip();
* b.position(23);
* b.limit(42);</pre></blockquote>
*
* can be replaced by the single, more compact statement
*
* <blockquote><pre>
* b.flip().position(23).limit(42);</pre></blockquote>
*
*
* @author Mark Reinhold
* @author JSR-51 Expert Group
* @since 1.4
*/
public abstract class Buffer {
}
Fields and Constructor
如上所述，内部维护数组空间的几个关键变量：
// Invariants: mark <= position <= limit <= capacity
private int mark = -1;
private int position = 0;
private int limit;
private int capacity;
构造函数可以指定这几个变量的初始位置，但前提是要满足上述不等式条件：
// Creates a new buffer with the given mark, position, limit, and capacity,
// after checking invariants.
//
Buffer(int mark, int pos, int lim, int cap) { // package-private
if (cap < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative capacity: " + cap);
this.capacity = cap;
limit(lim);
position(pos);
if (mark >= 0) {
if (mark > pos)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("mark > position: ("
+ mark + " > " + pos + ")");
this.mark = mark;
}
}
/**
* Sets this buffer's position. If the mark is defined and larger than the
* new position then it is discarded.
*
* @param newPosition
* The new position value; must be non-negative
* and no larger than the current limit
*
* @return This buffer
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* If the preconditions on <tt>newPosition</tt> do not hold
*/
public final Buffer position(int newPosition) {
if ((newPosition > limit) || (newPosition < 0))
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
position = newPosition;
if (mark > position) mark = -1;
return this;
}
/**
* Sets this buffer's limit. If the position is larger than the new limit
* then it is set to the new limit. If the mark is defined and larger than
* the new limit then it is discarded.
*
* @param newLimit
* The new limit value; must be non-negative
* and no larger than this buffer's capacity
*
* @return This buffer
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* If the preconditions on <tt>newLimit</tt> do not hold
*/
public final Buffer limit(int newLimit) {
if ((newLimit > capacity) || (newLimit < 0))
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
limit = newLimit;
if (position > limit) position = limit;
if (mark > limit) mark = -1;
return this;
}
State
获取维护数据的状态变量：
/**
* Returns this buffer's capacity.
*
* @return The capacity of this buffer
*/
public final int capacity() {
return capacity;
}
/**
* Returns this buffer's position.
*
* @return The position of this buffer
*/
public final int position() {
return position;
}
/**
* Returns this buffer's limit.
*
* @return The limit of this buffer
*/
public final int limit() {
return limit;
}
Mark / Reset
mark() 负责记录当前 position 的位置，reset() 负责将当前 position 的位置回退到 mark 的位置。
/**
* Sets this buffer's mark at its position.
*
* @return This buffer
*/
public final Buffer mark() {
mark = position;
return this;
}
/**
* Resets this buffer's position to the previously-marked position.
*
* <p> Invoking this method neither changes nor discards the mark's
* value. </p>
*
* @return This buffer
*
* @throws InvalidMarkException
* If the mark has not been set
*/
public final Buffer reset() {
int m = mark;
if (m < 0)
throw new InvalidMarkException();
position = m;
return this;
}
Clear
恢复状态变量到初始可写状态：
position恢复到0(从头开始写)limit恢复到capacity(整个空间可写)mark恢复到未定义状态
/**
* Clears this buffer. The position is set to zero, the limit is set to
* the capacity, and the mark is discarded.
*
* <p> Invoke this method before using a sequence of channel-read or
* <i>put</i> operations to fill this buffer. For example:
*
* <blockquote><pre>
* buf.clear(); // Prepare buffer for reading
* in.read(buf); // Read data</pre></blockquote>
*
* <p> This method does not actually erase the data in the buffer, but it
* is named as if it did because it will most often be used in situations
* in which that might as well be the case. </p>
*
* @return This buffer
*/
public final Buffer clear() {
position = 0;
limit = capacity;
mark = -1;
return this;
}
Flip
将 buffer 从可写状态转变为可读状态：
position被重置到0limit被设置到原position的位置mark被丢弃
/**
* Flips this buffer. The limit is set to the current position and then
* the position is set to zero. If the mark is defined then it is
* discarded.
*
* <p> After a sequence of channel-read or <i>put</i> operations, invoke
* this method to prepare for a sequence of channel-write or relative
* <i>get</i> operations. For example:
*
* <blockquote><pre>
* buf.put(magic); // Prepend header
* in.read(buf); // Read data into rest of buffer
* buf.flip(); // Flip buffer
* out.write(buf); // Write header + data to channel</pre></blockquote>
*
* <p> This method is often used in conjunction with the {@link
* java.nio.ByteBuffer#compact compact} method when transferring data from
* one place to another. </p>
*
* @return This buffer
*/
public final Buffer flip() {
limit = position;
position = 0;
mark = -1;
return this;
}
Rewind
将 position 置为 0，并丢弃 mark。
/**
* Rewinds this buffer. The position is set to zero and the mark is
* discarded.
*
* <p> Invoke this method before a sequence of channel-write or <i>get</i>
* operations, assuming that the limit has already been set
* appropriately. For example:
*
* <blockquote><pre>
* out.write(buf); // Write remaining data
* buf.rewind(); // Rewind buffer
* buf.get(array); // Copy data into array</pre></blockquote>
*
* @return This buffer
*/
public final Buffer rewind() {
position = 0;
mark = -1;
return this;
}
Remaining
查看数组中的有效字节数 (position 与 limit 之间)。
/**
* Returns the number of elements between the current position and the
* limit.
*
* @return The number of elements remaining in this buffer
*/
public final int remaining() {
return limit - position;
}
/**
* Tells whether there are any elements between the current position and
* the limit.
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, there is at least one element
* remaining in this buffer
*/
public final boolean hasRemaining() {
return position < limit;
}
Others
底层数组是否只读、可访问：
/**
* Tells whether or not this buffer is read-only.
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, this buffer is read-only
*/
public abstract boolean isReadOnly();
/**
* Tells whether or not this buffer is backed by an accessible
* array.
*
* <p> If this method returns <tt>true</tt> then the {@link #array() array}
* and {@link #arrayOffset() arrayOffset} methods may safely be invoked.
* </p>
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, this buffer
* is backed by an array and is not read-only
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public abstract boolean hasArray();
/**
* Returns the array that backs this
* buffer <i>(optional operation)</i>.
*
* <p> This method is intended to allow array-backed buffers to be
* passed to native code more efficiently. Concrete subclasses
* provide more strongly-typed return values for this method.
*
* <p> Modifications to this buffer's content will cause the returned
* array's content to be modified, and vice versa.
*
* <p> Invoke the {@link #hasArray hasArray} method before invoking this
* method in order to ensure that this buffer has an accessible backing
* array. </p>
*
* @return The array that backs this buffer
*
* @throws ReadOnlyBufferException
* If this buffer is backed by an array but is read-only
*
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException
* If this buffer is not backed by an accessible array
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public abstract Object array();
/**
* Returns the offset within this buffer's backing array of the first
* element of the buffer <i>(optional operation)</i>.
*
* <p> If this buffer is backed by an array then buffer position <i>p</i>
* corresponds to array index <i>p</i> + <tt>arrayOffset()</tt>.
*
* <p> Invoke the {@link #hasArray hasArray} method before invoking this
* method in order to ensure that this buffer has an accessible backing
* array. </p>
*
* @return The offset within this buffer's array
* of the first element of the buffer
*
* @throws ReadOnlyBufferException
* If this buffer is backed by an array but is read-only
*
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException
* If this buffer is not backed by an accessible array
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public abstract int arrayOffset();
/**
* Tells whether or not this buffer is
* <a href="ByteBuffer.html#direct"><i>direct</i></a>.
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, this buffer is direct
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public abstract boolean isDirect();