Chapter 3.6 - iterator 源代码完整重列

Created by : Mr Dk.

2021 / 03 / 31 19:20

Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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五种迭代器的类型定义

struct input_iterator_tag {};
struct output_iterator_tag {};
struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag {};
struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag {};
struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag {};

自定义迭代器基类

template <class _Category, class _Tp, class _Distance = ptrdiff_t,
          class _Pointer = _Tp*, class _Reference = _Tp&>
struct iterator {
  typedef _Category  iterator_category;
  typedef _Tp        value_type;
  typedef _Distance  difference_type;
  typedef _Pointer   pointer;
  typedef _Reference reference;
};

Traits 的结构体模板以及原生指针特化版本

template <class _Iterator>
struct iterator_traits {
  typedef typename _Iterator::iterator_category iterator_category;
  typedef typename _Iterator::value_type        value_type;
  typedef typename _Iterator::difference_type   difference_type;
  typedef typename _Iterator::pointer           pointer;
  typedef typename _Iterator::reference         reference;
};

template <class _Tp>
struct iterator_traits<_Tp*> {
  typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
  typedef _Tp                         value_type;
  typedef ptrdiff_t                   difference_type;
  typedef _Tp*                        pointer;
  typedef _Tp&                        reference;
};

template <class _Tp>
struct iterator_traits<const _Tp*> {
  typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
  typedef _Tp                         value_type;
  typedef ptrdiff_t                   difference_type;
  typedef const _Tp*                  pointer;
  typedef const _Tp&                  reference;
};

获取迭代器的关联类型

// The overloaded functions iterator_category, distance_type, and
// value_type are not part of the C++ standard.  (They have been
// replaced by struct iterator_traits.)  They are included for
// backward compatibility with the HP STL.

// We introduce internal names for these functions.

template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category
__iterator_category(const _Iter&)
{
  typedef typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category _Category;
  return _Category();
}

template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type*
__distance_type(const _Iter&)
{
  return static_cast<typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type*>(0);
}

template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*
__value_type(const _Iter&)
{
  return static_cast<typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*>(0);
}

template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category
iterator_category(const _Iter& __i) { return __iterator_category(__i); }


template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type*
distance_type(const _Iter& __i) { return __distance_type(__i); }

template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*
value_type(const _Iter& __i) { return __value_type(__i); }

#define __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__i) __iterator_category(__i)
#define __DISTANCE_TYPE(__i)     __distance_type(__i)
#define __VALUE_TYPE(__i)        __value_type(__i)

Distance

只对 Input Iterator 和 Random Access Iterator 做了实现。由于五种迭代器类型的继承关系，Forward Iterator 和 Bidirectional Iterator 最终都会被隐式转换为 Input Iterator 从而被分派到 Input Iterator 的实现版本上。

template <class _InputIterator, class _Distance>
inline void __distance(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
                       _Distance& __n, input_iterator_tag)
{
  while (__first != __last) { ++__first; ++__n; }
}

template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Distance>
inline void __distance(_RandomAccessIterator __first,
                       _RandomAccessIterator __last,
                       _Distance& __n, random_access_iterator_tag)
{
  __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator);
  __n += __last - __first;
}

template <class _InputIterator, class _Distance>
inline void distance(_InputIterator __first,
                     _InputIterator __last, _Distance& __n)
{
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIterator, _InputIterator);
  __distance(__first, __last, __n, iterator_category(__first));
}

template <class _InputIterator>
inline typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type
__distance(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, input_iterator_tag)
{
  typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type __n = 0;
  while (__first != __last) {
    ++__first; ++__n;
  }
  return __n;
}

template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
inline typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type
__distance(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last,
           random_access_iterator_tag) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator);
  return __last - __first;
}

template <class _InputIterator>
inline typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type
distance(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) {
  typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::iterator_category
    _Category;
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIterator, _InputIterator);
  return __distance(__first, __last, _Category());
}

Advance

template <class _InputIter, class _Distance>
inline void __advance(_InputIter& __i, _Distance __n, input_iterator_tag) {
  while (__n--) ++__i;
}

template <class _BidirectionalIterator, class _Distance>
inline void __advance(_BidirectionalIterator& __i, _Distance __n,
                      bidirectional_iterator_tag) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_BidirectionalIterator, _BidirectionalIterator);
  if (__n >= 0)
    while (__n--) ++__i;
  else
    while (__n++) --__i;
}

template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Distance>
inline void __advance(_RandomAccessIterator& __i, _Distance __n,
                      random_access_iterator_tag) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator);
  __i += __n;
}

template <class _InputIterator, class _Distance>
inline void advance(_InputIterator& __i, _Distance __n) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIterator, _InputIterator);
  __advance(__i, __n, iterator_category(__i));
}